It presents a portico, a domed rotunda and a rectangular area connecting all three areas. The Pantheon was created in three sections, created mostly from concrete and bricks. This is a crucially important factor regarding its preservation and is what saved it from being destroyed during the Middle Ages, as the papacy had the means and resources required to maintain it. It was the first ever Roman Pagan temple to be consecrated into a Christian church. In 609 AD, Pope Bonifice IV received permission to convert it into a Christian church, at which point it was renamed Sancta Maria ad Martyres (or in English, St. With that in mind, the Pantheon was destined to stand the test of time! Religious Elementsįor several centuries after its construction, the Pantheon served as a Pagan temple. Upon seeing it, Michelangelo stated that it was the design of angels and not of man. The only information we have suggests that the Pantheon was completed around 126 – 128 AD.
Unfortunately, the name of the architect who designed the Pantheon and how long it took to complete is not known to the public. Following his death, Trajan took over as emperor and was directly involved with the construction of the building. Emperor Hadrian began ruling in 117 AD and had a level of involvement in the re-building of the Pantheon alongside architect Apollodorus of Damascus (fun fact: he had her killed due to disagreements with the Pantheon’s design) until his death in 138 AD.ĭuring his time, a 73-mile-long defensive mechanism was put in place in front of the Pantheon, which is now known as Hadrian’s wall. This structure was burned down in 80 AD, rebuilt by Emperor Domitian, and burned down yet again in 110 AD. The original building was constructed in dedication to Romulus, the founder of Rome, following his ascension to Heaven from here. The Pantheon is situated on the site of a building that shared its name, constructed by Marcus Agrippa, son of Augustus, in 25 BC. Today’s post will tell you the ins and outs of the Pantheon, from how it all began to how it stands in the modern day. Just under 2,000 years, if we’re talking real numbers here. Built as a temple to all Gods (hence the fitting name), this extraordinary structure has stood the test of time. 2).Pantheon, a Greek word meaning “honor all Gods” is one of the most well-preserved monuments of ancient Rome. North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, 1994: 43, fig.
The Panini was the first non-Renaissance Italian painting acquired by Kress (see Edgar Peters Bowron, "The Kress Brothers and Their 'Bucolic Pictures': The Creation of an Italian Baroque Collection", in A Gift to America: Masterpieces of European Painting from the Samuel H. The bill of sale for sculpture, maiolica, furniture, antique velvet, and several paintings, including NGA 1939.1.24, is dated 5 October 1927 (copy in NGA curatorial files). Oral communication from Charles Beddington, Christie's, 17 March 1993. 69) bought by (William Sabin, London) sold presumably by him to (Count Alessandro Contini Bonacossi, Rome) purchased October 1927 by Samuel H. Provenance: The Dowager Countess of Norfolk (Christie, Manson & Woods, London, 20 November 1925, no.
In this case, Panini depicted the classical landmark that inspired the design of the Rotunda in the National Gallery's West Building. Both artists documented with exacting skill and vibrancy the monuments of their cities and the daily comings and goings of the inhabitants. Through the oculus in the center of the dome, Panini revealed the bright blue sky flecked with clouds.Īs Canaletto was to Venice, so Panini was to Rome. The portals open to the colossal columns of the porch and a glimpse of the obelisk in the piazza before the church. The viewpoint is deep within the building, facing the entrance. Trained in architecture and theatrical design, Panini manipulated the perspective to show a larger view of the interior than is actually possible from any single place. Panini's depiction is populated with foreign visitors and a lively mix of Romans from all social strata who congregate in the Pantheon to pray, to chat, and to admire the wondrous architecture. Built under Hadrian in the 2nd century, this monumental domed temple has survived intact, owing to its consecration as a Christian church-Santa Maria Rotunda-in AD 609. In Panini's day, as in our own, the Pantheon was one of the great tourist attractions of Rome.
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